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Cellular Energetics & Chloroplast Biology
MSBSHSE • Chapter 4.2
Overview: Photosynthesis Process
Green plants convert solar energy into chemical energy stored in glucose molecules.
6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Sunlight → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂
Solar Energy
Chlorophyll Grana
Stroma Matrix
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“The thylakoid membranes contain chlorophyll molecules which capture photons from sunlight.”
Key Concept: Chloroplasts contain stacks of thylakoid membranes called grana, floating in a proteinaceous matrix called stroma.
- Photolysis of water: 2H₂O → 4H⁺ + 4e⁻ + O₂ occurs in thylakoid grana.
- Calvin Cycle (Dark Reaction): RuBisCO enzyme fixes atmospheric CO₂ into C₆H₁₂O₆ inside stroma.
- Chlorophyll absorption peaks: Blue-violet (430 nm) and Red (660 nm) spectrums.
Dr. Ananya (AI)
Lead AI Teacher • STEM Biology
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Dr. Ananya
Namaste! I am teaching Chapter 4. If any formula or biological diagram feels confusing, ask me directly below!
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